Initialization of variables

When declaring a regular local variable, its value is by default undetermined. But you may want a variable to store
a concrete value at the same moment that it is declared. In order to do that, you can initialize the variable. There are two ways to do this in C++:
The first one, known as c-like, is done by appending an equal sign followed by the value to which the variable will
be initialized:
type identifier = initial_value ;
For example, if we want to declare an int variable called a initialized with a value of 0 at the moment in which it is
declared, we could write:

The other way to initialize variables, known as constructor initialization, is done by enclosing the initial value
between parentheses (()):
type identifier (initial_value) ;
For example: 



Both ways of initializing variables are valid and equivalent in C++.